* Posts by John Brown (no body)

25368 publicly visible posts • joined 21 May 2010

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Atari 400 makes a comeback in miniature form

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: the point being...

Primarily, it's because, as others have mentioned, nostalgia. It's just not quite the same running an emulator of any of the old computers on a PC keyboard and trying to remember which keys are mapped to the "special" keys on the emulated device, or even when the correct keys exist on the modern keyboard, that they are in different places [*]. Oh, and 'it's a separate "plug'b'play" device, no setup, no messing about.

* iT can be weird playing a game on an emulator that relies on the cursor keys when they are all in the inverted T shape we get now and they were in all sorts of different combinations on the older kit. The old TRS-80 layout, IMO, was great for games. up/down on the left of the keyboard, left/right on the right of the keyboard, so two fingers of each hand, and then either or both thumbs for space bar/fire and joysticks were not yet that common back then! Think Space Invaders or Asteroids, buttons only :-)

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: Excellent games

"The 800 was much nicer, but even more pricy, and since all the games were imported from the US they were expensive too, so it wasn't a very big seller."

I used to help run a local computer club. One guy, ONE!, had an Atari 800. He'd spent over £1000 in 1980's pounds for it and a couple of add-ons (not sure which now) while everyone else had Video Genies, ZX-81's, Vic-20's and a few others I don't recall, none especially pricy compared to that solitary Atari 800. It was nice though :-)

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: Retro

"I was blown away as it was the first time I had ever played on a computer/console."

That's the exact bit that so many people talking about "retro" and the mistakes made, the shitty designs etc. For almost everyone, it was their first time owning a computer. It was mind blowing for most of them, including me. And then there was the pace of development. No matter what you bought, no matter how much or how little you spent, by the time it arrived, there was something better, faster, cheaper, more colourful just announced in the plethora of the new computing magazines. You really had to live through it to appreciate just what was being produced and how fast things were moving.

Crippled Peregrine lunar lander set for fiery return to Earth in matter of days

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

The thing is, with NASA, they've had their fair share of failures too, but we don't normally get articles announcing the 20th anniversary of a rocket exploding or a sat failing, or lander suffering lithobraking. So those long running missions keeping hitting the news, again and again. All good stuff, but remmeber the reporting bias :-)

Eben Upton on Sinclair, Acorn, and the Raspberry Pi

John Brown (no body) Silver badge
Flame

Re: Not quite what I said....

"we don't run any of the real disk drives for environmental reasons."

Why? Are they coal fired or something?

(Yes, I know...LOL)

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: I must be young.

...Space Hoppers!

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

"I am very, very tempted to pick up a professionally refurbed Amiga with capacitors that will last longer than me."

It'll cost you! Vintage/retro computing hit a high during the pandemic and it's hard work finding something "ready to run" because of that and there's no signs of the prices dropping. They probably won't drop, since as time goes by, they are becoming even more rare.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: Backwards

"In that sense the cheap smartphone has already taken the role of the desktop computer. And for those who really need it, there's a thriving pre-owned computer market where you can buy a still useful desktop or laptop for a pittance."

yes, no matter how cheap the computer, there still the stuff you need to plug in to it. keyboard, mouse and power source (possibly battery) is one thing, the real expense comes with a display of some sort. If you are aiming at the very poor, first time computer owners, the display is probably the biggest hurdle now. There are cheap, surplus smaller LCD displays out there now, but you still need to make them available in the target markets. Even brand new, smaller 8-10" panels from AliExpress are adding quite a bit to the system costs.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: The glory days of UK IT

Agreed, to an extent. We still have "non-PC" Apple :-)

Amstrad were good at spotting and filling a niche on the cheap. Apple went the other way with quality and aspiration.

It also helps if you have a vast home market that even a small percentage of it can make you rich, as you then have a head start on companies with small home markets.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: The glory days of UK IT

"While we were peddling ZX-80s and 380Zs, the US was into the PET and the TRS-80. They bring out the Apple II, we bring out the, er... Speccy? "

Not exactly. PET/TRS-80/AppleII all came out about the same time and predated ZX-80 by a few years and at less than a quarter the price of the PET/TRS-80/Apple, not to mention the even later Speccy. The 380Z is correct, and others such as Nascom might have been the UK competition at the time, or the UK101, both primarily sold as kits. And as the article stated, Sinclair was aiming at a price point, not a feature point because he understood the British market and customer. The Spectrum was competing with the Commodore 64, and again at a vastly reduced price because that's what would sell in the UK and was one of the reasons Commodore kept dropping it's prices because they had real competition.

Not only that, but you have to put yourself into the mind-set of the time and try to forget what we have now. They were all amazing and revolutionary in their own way, leading the way, sometimes down dead-ends, to where we are now.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: The glory days of UK IT

Yes, it was the entire electronics manufacturing industry that was hit. You could import completed units, tax/duty free, or at least very low, but in a misguided attempt to maintain the British electronics component manufactures, imported components and boards were taxed through the roof.

KDE 6 hits RC-1 while KDE 5 brings fresh spin on OpenBSD

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: Spinning Desktop Cube Yay!

"That was one of the things I liked to show users of proprietary platforms with their limited GUI choices. (And also wobbly windows.) I was sad when it went away, can’t wait to get it back."

Same here! The only bit of eye candy I like on screen, and sorely missed :-) (Not so bothered about wobbly windows though!)

"As for the BSDs, why is it that, with maybe half a dozen variants of them at most, versus 50× that number of Linux distros, it is easier to move between Linux distros than BSD variants?"

Are there really that many Linuxes? There's a lot of variations in distros, but many are built on the same foundations, possibly even the same 1st and 2nd floors, just with a different lick of paint on the outside :-) Are all the Ubuntus classed as one, including all the variations like XUbuntu, KUbuntu and possibly others that may or may not still exist like EdUbuntu etc? Or am I just opening a can of flamewar here?

WTF? Potty-mouthed intern's obscene error message mostly amused manager

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: Dictionaries

A quick thinker might just emphasise their local accent (or put one on) and "say "that's what I said!" :-)

While we fire the boss, can you lock him out of the network?

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: Effective Decredentialization Before Firing

"decredentialization"

I just Googled that because I couldn't believe it was a real word. Apparently it is. Interestingly "Credential revoking" is two syllables shorter and means the same thing.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: ?

"Cows are actually quite docile. No fence needed. If you irk them, they will likely turn their back to you and move away."

Sometimes, irking them just means being in the same field if the have calves. There's been a couple of case in the year or so locally of people being killed by cows. I don't remember the precise details, but the cases I remember were not kids out messing about, just ramblers passing by.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: ?

"Sadly, the gookids destroyed the DejaNews archive,"

I bet they kept a copy. All that data saved, just in case. And then LLMs became popular and needed data from conversations. They keep the Big 8 for their own LLM and sell access to the cess-pit alt.* hierarchy :-)

NASA, Lockheed Martin reveal subtly supersonic X-59 plane

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: And fuel cost per passenger would be...?

"Unless those shortcomings are fixed by this plane, it will be nothing more than a tech demo."

Someone will propose an all electric alternative propulsion system and rake in the VC before it's eventually realised that the weight of the batteries reduces available passenger space to 2 very small people, has a range of 30 miles and can only exceed the sound barrier on descent for 30 seconds before landing impact.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: Douglas X-3 Stiletto, anybody?

I would assume they already tested at smaller scale in a supersonic wind tunnel. There was one operating in the UK as early as 1922, albeit with a 2cm diameter.

I believe NASA has at least one, a bit larger and newer :-)

John Brown (no body) Silver badge
Mushroom

Re: Douglas X-3 Stiletto, anybody?

"Hi, this is your Windscreen Operating System. I need to reboot to install the latest driver updates. Sorry for the inconvenience"

It could bring a whole new and literal meaning to the Blue Screen Of Death :-)

The week in weird: Check out the strangest CES tech of 2024

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: Skwheels … can be used both on and off road

I thought that too. But just the other day i saw copper "having a word" with someone using a privately owned escooter. The upshot, from what I could hear, was more of advice and a warning before he drove off. The scooter owner then pushed the escooter for a about 10 yards till the cop was out of sight and then hopped on and sped off!

So not quite "sod all", but near as makes no difference.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: The cat flapper was neat

"That rabbit phone interface, bad idea. I see that quickly becoming a Hoover, and perhaps a spambot. Hope the security is tight, since you'll be giving it unfettered access to your phone. Think I'll pass."

They may have to find a new name for it anywhere where Hutinson still owns[*] the trademark right to Rabbit in the telecomms field.

* They may not. Apparently they may never have actually owned the trademark, at least not outright

Drivers: We'll take that plain dumb car over a flashy data-spilling internet one, thanks

John Brown (no body) Silver badge
Thumb Up

I'm just imaging some old fart in the 1980's whinging on about his old car and how it had a lever on the steering tiller to adjust the engine timing as required and didn't those stupid, easily clogged windscreen washers or "nannying" windscreen wipers when an old rag would do if it got really dirty. And just a manual clutch, but proper "double-declutch", not one of those poncy automatic doodads :-)

I think it's mandatory in these here parts to end rants like the above with "Git off ma lawn you pesky kids"

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: "better insurance rates"

"the upcoming generation, the one that already lives with their smartphones grafted to their hands, will likely sign up to this scheme without even blinking."

That'll be the ones already in the position of not being able to afford car insurance without have a telemetry spewing black box fitted into whatever cheap car they can afford. That ship has already sailed. The "voluntary" insurance black box is already pretty much financially mandated by raising the insurance prices, at least for new and young drivers. They are growing up i that world and don't know any different.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: Perhaps it's time for vehicle makers to take note.

"A recent petition proposing that Paula Vennells be quite rightly stripped of her CBE got more than a million responses and was likely instrumental in her making the decision to jump before she was pushed and hand it back;"

On the other hand, as others have pointed out, sending back the trinket is only a symbolic thing. The award is bestowed by the monarch and can only be withdrawn by the monarch. It's usually handled by a committee, and it's quite rare for an honour to be withdrawn. It may well happen in this case, but it might take some time, might not happen at all, but whatever happens, she still holds that honour until and unless it's officially taken from her. Her returning of the representative physical symbol of the honour might swing the committee into action though.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: A happy life?

My Garmin SatNav went EOL a good few years ago. But it still gets the "Lifetime Map Updates" as advertised. I think it must be at least 10 years old now, if not older. I really can't remember! The battery is shagged and it rarely manages to lock onto a traffic update signal these days, but it still does it's job, working under voice control and no need to report back to the mothership every time a turn it on.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: ransomware

"I foresee a cute little cottage industry springing up: Vehicle FW "updates" that trap telemetry spews to the Mothership, and redirect them into /dev/nul. (Of course, they would acknowledge the messages in such a way so as to satisfy the underlying spyware....)"

MS Windows telemetry. I'm not a Windows user, but If there was any level of cottage industry for apps to block that, it's not made much headway in the general populace as far as I can tell. I can't see it being different for connected cars. As someone said further up, data snooping and collection is becoming the norm and almost impossible to avoid.

Daughter of George Carlin horrified someone cloned her dad with AI for hour special

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: I swear

On the other hand, it's new material "in the style of" someone famous. I doubt it would even be a story if someone did it with my likeness, even before I'm dead.

I'm not comfortable with what has happened, but I'm not sure it's actually "wrong". I'm not even sure I agree with descendants or an "estate" being able to continue to collect royalties after someone dies, from their works. They already inherited the money earned and the "goods and chattels" Why should they continue to profit from the ongoing "work" of someone now dead? It's all a bit of a conundrum.

On the other hand, the material used to create the AI is all copyrighted material under current law, so yeah, what they did is wrong.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: Why use A-I? Because there's no other way to get anything close to the essence of Carlin.

'There is no "I" in team.'

I like Carlins response. On the other hand, my response is "So what? There's a 'me' in 'team'!!"

Adios, dead zones: Starlink relays SMS in space for unmodified phones on Earth

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: Now you'll never have an excuse for missing that weekend work text or call

But if you are contracted to be available 24/7, then that's...erm..in the contract and you should be paid to reflect that. AT least some sort of salary uplift compared to a similar job that doesn't have that contractual clause, and then be either paid extra for the out of normal business hours overtime, or a notably higher salary to cover it rather then just a little extra "on call" bonus. Under current UK and EU laws, your employer should not contact you outside of your contracted hours except under certain exceptional circumstances.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: Resend, resend, resend, ...

"The aim here isn't to be perfect, it's to offer something that might save a life ASAP. The ideal endpoint is to get more satellites up there so a device that a lot of people have can offer additional help in emergencies."

Exactly! This whole sub-thread is moot since it's discussing how to use the system "as-is", when it's only a test flight of 6 sats, barely more than a proof of concept. The plan is for "no dead spots", anywhere in the world, so clearly SpaceX is expecting to launch more sats with this capability. I suspect once it's proved (which they seem to have done now) and regulatory approval is granted for full deployment, all future Starlink sats will have the capability by default. The only hurdles then remaining will be which countries will allow it's use over their territories and on which bands.

The real fly in the ointment is going to be targetting the beams enough such that they aren't impinging on local networks on the ground causing interference by allowing use and bands in one country. but not in a neighbouring country.

Kia crashes CES with modular electric vehicle concept

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: What goes around come around.

"The answer to slow charging is fast charging, not swappable batteries, and the answer to heavy batteries is lighter batteries."

While I agree with your points, I wasn't making a point about charge rates. I was making a point about the weight of the battery pack and why many people would not need to be dragging around a 400+ mile battery back when the vast majority of their use is within their home town or city, but may sometimes need to pop in to the local depot and have a modular "range extender" battery added, which seemed to me like a missed opportunity for manufacturer pushing a "modular" vehicle.

Even if batteries do get lighter, there's going to be limits on how much lighter both in the tech used to make them and the safety requirements built around them. Batteries don't get lighter as you drain them. Most "town drivers" I know who are conscious of fuel usages and maybe some attempts to be "green" rarely fill the tank because there's no point in carrying the excess weight. I'm at the other end of the scale anyway and might go through anything from 1 to 3 or more full tanks of petrol in a week so tend to fill it up the brim every time. The same could apply to EV drivers. If you never drive more than 30 miles per day, why carry half a ton of batteries when a couple 100Kg will do, increasing the range by cutting the excess weight.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: What goes around come around.

The one thing that seemed to be missing from the blurb is battery packs and range extensions. I'd expect, a "modular vehicle" to have options for larger or addition battery packs which are easily replaceable. I've seen a video of a drive-in battery replacement station, I could see a use for something similar in a modular vehicle. Small and light for city driving, but add in an extra battery pack for those longer journeys, especially in the US market. No need to carry 400 mile range weight of batteries for the daily commute when half or a quarter of that mass/energy is all you need most of the time.

Memtest86+, the little RAM tester, flexes FOSS muscles with v7.0

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Turn the computer off, remove all but one memory module, and try again.

Noooooooo!!!1!!ONE!!11!!!!

I thought EVERYONE knew that you start testing in the middle and eliminate one half the system/device/circuit before or after the test point[1]. If RAM testing with modules of any type, or even old DIL RAM[2] in older kit, you pull half the banks first and test half the RAM. If it fails, you likely have a single SIMM/DIMM/DIL chip fault in that half and the half you pulled is all good. Likewise the converse if that test passes. If you REALLY know what you are doing, you can probably work out which SIMM/DIMM module is faulty from the address(s) of the reported failures RAM is a fairly rare failure, so more than one RAM failure at the same, while not unheard of, is fairly unlikely.

[1}, yes, sometimes there's more than one fault in two or more very different places.

[2] in the case of DIL chips, odds are you can identify which bit is fault from testing and just pull the bad chip.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Also, "thermal creep", especially with those old DIL sockets. Thermal cycling up and down makes the metal legs and spring contacts expand and contract ever so slightly such that over time the chips creep out of the sockets. Any mechanical connection that is a friction-only joint suffers this, including screw in terminals.

And yes, that "crunch" of the chip going back fully is a very satisfying sound, especially to a field engineer of many years :-)

Trump-era rules reversed on treating gig workers as contractors

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

"If they have the financial ability to tell Uber etc to get lost, *then* they're actually a contractor."

If your are driving for Uber and have no other source of income, then you are doing it wrong and don't understand the "gig" business. You should be registered with not only Lyft and others, bit also delivery businesses too. Then you can pick and choose your jobs based on distance and price to maximise income. If you only work exclusively for one "job supplier" then your more likely to be classed as an employee. Certainly the foundations that Uber was built on and so many others copied, was the idea that it would not be your full time job, but a way of earning extra cash "out of hours" from your main job.

If the likes of Uber want regular drivers they can rely on to be available at certain times and certain areas, then they should be hiring them as employees. If they can't cope with and manage a mix of the two types, then they need to take a step back and re-examine how they operate their business.

Boffins demo self-eating rocket engine in Scotland

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

An interesting idea...

...I'll be even more interested in how they will force-feed the rocket body to the engine in an actual flight vehicle that doesn't have the "glue gun" device pushing it down. Some sort of mechanical screw drive? A hydraulic collapsible exo-skeleton? I suspect whatever the result, it's going to be some interesting engineering and I assume they have some practical ideas on how to do this already.

Google's TPUs could end up costing it a billion-plus, thanks to this patent challenge

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: "no one who worked on the TPUs had any connection with Bates or his blueprints"

...and even if they didn't, independently coming up with an "invention" you've never seen or heard of before doesn't stop it from being a patent infringement if it's works in exactly the same way as an existing patented device. More so if the company in question has actual provable knowledge of the patents beforehand and should have, at the very least, passed on those patents to their design team and told them to avoid and or work around them. Passing the patents on might even have helped speed up a different design process not only because sometimes just knowing a thing is possible can be half the battle, but they could look at a working design and more easily invent alternatives[*]

On the other hand, it's the US Patent Office who granted the patents so they may be worthless anyway.

*Yes, I'm aware that's not always the case, but sometime it is :-)

NASA's Artemis Moon missions take a rain check until 2025 and beyond

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: You don't have a clue

"They have stepped up considerably but cannot deal with multiple companies making many changes on each launch."

I believe the El Reg SPG LOHAN flight is still awaiting clearance :-)

(RIP Lester, never forgotten, still drinking from my LOHAN engraved glass tankard)

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: They don't have a clue

"reentry is clearly an unknown at this point, but that's not technically required for Artemis"

It might be financially required though. All those re-fuelling launches don't really want to be "one shots" or SpaceX won't be able to deliver within the budget allocated by NASA. On the other hand, it's Artemis, so it seems almost unlimited pork barrelling is allowed.

Former Post Office boss returns CBE to sender over computer system scandal

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: How many fraud and theft cases in the 80s?

"The sort of person who does this is usually also the sort of person who likes to flaunt wealth."

While I agree wholeheartedly with all you say, I should just point out that there are other reasons that apparently honest people start embezzling. Usually debt related, at least one in the news recently of someone stealing £1,3m for a gambling habit. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-67503468. In these sorts of cases, there's usually no "flaunting", and often it starts of small, then grows.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

And that is actually the biggest problem with the Honours system (senior) civil servants in particular get them as part of their retirement bonus just for being there and, possibly, doing their job for some number of years. In many cases, the big crowning achievement is simply surviving in the role, something many of us do in our lifetimes and get SFA for in comparison.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

"Only if I insist that her name actually is Venables, and that the poster who corrected me definitely wrong, and their error means they owe me £20k."

Even I, a devout NOT follower of football, saw the footie reference to "own goal" and "Terry Venables" :-)

Cutting-edge microscopy reveals bottled water has 'up to 100 times' more bits of plastic than previously feared

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

All that recycling is wonderful. I still use a plastic bottle. Well, two actually. One of them is quite new, less than a year old, because one day last summer I forgot to take the 10-15 year old bottle with me. I rinse them out and fill them every day, leaving them in the fridge overnight ready for another re-use. I guess one day they will be recycled. But re-using is the primary thing. I think my primary water bottle is a 750ml Volvic Sport, the ones with the flip cap/nozzle, but the label deteriorated and disappeared many years ago :-) The previous bottle was a similar type, but eventually the flip cap hinge snapped. I probably got 10 years out of that one too. I'm not being especially "green" or conscious of being eco-friendly etc, just object to the ridiculous cost of buying a bottle of water. I've probably save £100's if not £1000;s over the last 20-30 years by refilling from the tap :-)

I suppose if I should have any real concerns about re-using that bottle for so many years, it's how is the plastic holding up and am I getting even more micro-particles now than I used to.

COVID-19 infection surge detected in wastewater, signals potential new wave

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: Why did everyone get vaccinated?

"We were told by the media, Govt officials and people like Fauci and the CDC director that the vaccine stops the virus in its tracks."

Ah., ok then. Coverage and statements may well have been different in the US to what I heard/saw here, which at least partly explains why we differ in our opinions. From what I saw of US coverage, it seemed to be a lot more shouty with demands for answers "now" from the media so that may well have lead to people taking the wrong impressions as "spokes people" were put on the spot in high pressure situations, or maybe felt the need to sound re-assuring while grabbing their 5 minutes of fame.

Sadly, all that happens here too, but on a much smaller scale as we follow the lead of the US media industry and/or our media get bought up/invested in by US based media. I find it best to try to sit in the middle and take in media from various sources and not just stick with those which reinforce my perceptions.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: Why did everyone get vaccinated?

"Smallpox, polio, mumps, measles, rubella, HPV. Pretty sure these stop you catching and spreading those viruses."

Different viruses mutate in different ways and at different rate. All those you just mentioned are very stable, so a single injection, or maybe one more booster, can be enough for a lifetime. COVID is more like 'flu, hence why 'flu vaccines are continually being developed in time for the next wave. You need to read more instead of denying. This is "done" science" and has been known for years.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: Why did everyone get vaccinated?

"they were even close to what they were marketed as at launch"

I'm not sure what marketing claims you saw, but the stuff I saw made it clear they didn't yet know how long "immunity"[*] would last. It was made clear quite early on that this would like the 'flu jab, a yearly, at least, occurrence as it mutated, unlike measles etc type vaccine which pretty much last a lifetime as they don't mutate much, if at all.

They never actually said the word "immunity", since that's not how vaccines work.

Another airline finds loose bolts in Boeing 737-9 during post-blowout fleet inspections

John Brown (no body) Silver badge
Thumb Up

Re: A gross understatement?

Happy to be corrected. I was under the impression the "door plug" was a mod by Spirit, but someone else posted info regarding the bolt torquing change being something then requested by Boeing.

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: A gross understatement?

And also, since I assume Boeing approved this mod by Sprit, the maintenance manual was updated to show the "plug" and the fixings such that they were not just ignored during an inspection. Or was it called something else and got a single mention in an addendum at the back where no one noticed it, like MCAS?

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

preliminarily?

Is "preliminarily" a word? if it is, it bloody well should not be!

"The inspections performed by United and Alaska were done over the weekend preliminarily, we note,"

HP customers claim firmware update rendered third-party ink verboten

John Brown (no body) Silver badge

Re: Resellers can also no longer offer alternatives

IIRC, this is exactly what MS were fined for when "contracting" with PC OEMS/sellers and banning them from providing any OS other than Windows.

And based on the article, HP are clearly even more nasty in their practices since they already paid out compo for exatly the same thing only a few year ago. Clearly the wrong kind of lessons were learned. I would hope that will be reflected in the fines or settlements.

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